Landlocked countries

There are 45 landlocked countries and territories in this data. The largest is Kazakhstan, at about 2,717,300 square kilometres. Africa has the most.

Africa (16)

Country	Capital	Neighbours
Botswana	Gaborone	Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Burkina Faso	Ouagadougou	Benin, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Togo
Burundi	Gitega	DR Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania
Central African Republic	Bangui	DR Congo, Congo, Cameroon, Sudan, South Sudan, Chad
Chad	N'Djamena	Central African Republic, Cameroon, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan
Eswatini	Lobamba	Mozambique, South Africa
Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Sudan, Somalia, South Sudan
Lesotho	Maseru	South Africa
Malawi	Lilongwe	Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia
Mali	Bamako	Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Algeria, Guinea, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
Niger	Niamey	Burkina Faso, Benin, Algeria, Libya, Mali, Nigeria, Chad
Rwanda	Kigali	Burundi, DR Congo, Tanzania, Uganda
South Sudan	Juba	DR Congo, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Uganda
Uganda	Kampala	DR Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania
Zambia	Lusaka	Angola, Botswana, DR Congo, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe	Harare	Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia

Americas (2)

Country	Capital	Neighbours
Bolivia	Sucre	Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Paraguay
Paraguay	Asunción	Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil

Asia (12)

Country	Capital	Neighbours
Afghanistan	Kabul	China, Iran, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Armenia	Yerevan	Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Türkiye
Azerbaijan	Baku	Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Türkiye
Bhutan	Thimphu	China, India
Kazakhstan	Astana	China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
Kyrgyzstan	Bishkek	China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Laos	Vientiane	China, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam
Mongolia	Ulan Bator	China, Russia
Nepal	Kathmandu	China, India
Tajikistan	Dushanbe	Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan	Ashgabat	Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan	Tashkent	Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan

Europe (15)

Country	Capital	Neighbours
Andorra	Andorra la Vella	Spain, France
Austria	Vienna	Switzerland, Czechia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Slovakia
Belarus	Minsk	Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Ukraine
Czechia	Prague	Austria, Germany, Poland, Slovakia
Hungary	Budapest	Austria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Ukraine
Kosovo	Pristina	Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia
Liechtenstein	Vaduz	Austria, Switzerland
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Belgium, Germany, France
Moldova	Chișinău	Romania, Ukraine
North Macedonia	Skopje	Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Kosovo
San Marino	City of San Marino	Italy
Serbia	Belgrade	Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Kosovo
Slovakia	Bratislava	Austria, Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine
Switzerland	Bern	Austria, Germany, France, Italy, Liechtenstein
Vatican City	Vatican City	Italy

Doubly landlocked

A doubly landlocked country is surrounded only by landlocked countries, so reaching the sea means crossing at least two borders. In this data: Liechtenstein and Uzbekistan.

Why it matters

Sea transport is the cheapest way to move goods. A country without a port depends on roads, railways and agreements with its neighbours to trade, which usually makes imports and exports cost more. Some landlocked countries, such as Switzerland and Austria, are rich all the same, helped by rivers, good transport links and trade with close neighbours.

The Caspian Sea is counted as a lake here, so countries that touch only the Caspian, such as Kazakhstan, are landlocked.